In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Al Hakika
An exclusive, multilingual digital publication meticulously dedicated to cataloguing and exposing the heinous crimes perpetrated by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) against the Sudanese populace. Presented in three languages, this authoritative resource serves as an indispensable reference for regional and international organisations and mechanisms committed to safeguarding human rights on a global scale.
Issue “25” – April 2025.
Special Coverage
Prologue
The Zamzam and Abu Shouk displaced persons camps were established in 2003, in response to the massive influx of civilians due to armed conflicts in Darfur, particularly in the regions of South, West, and North Darfur.
The majority of the inhabitants of the Zamzam and Abu Shouk camps are from villages and towns such as Kabkabiya, Tawila, Shangil Tobayi, Gireida, Kutum, Mellit, and others.
The camps fall under the jurisdiction of the Government of Sudan, but in practice, their daily affairs are managed by international humanitarian organizations such as:
• The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
• The World Food Programme (WFP).
• Local and international non-governmental organizations.
• In addition to internal committees made up of displaced persons who participate in organizing life within the camp.
Zamzam Camp is one of the largest displacement camps in Sudan. It is located approximately 12 kilometers west of El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur state, and shelters over 700,000 displaced persons, most of whom are women and children.
The camp is considered a vital center for delivering humanitarian aid, as it houses basic health and educational facilities managed by international and local organizations. Despite this, the residents suffer from severe shortages in basic services, including clean water and healthcare.
On April 11, 2025, the Rapid Support Forces militia raided #Zamzam_Camp, resulting in the deaths and injuries of hundreds of civilians, including personnel working in health and humanitarian fields. These attacks forced thousands to flee on foot to the besieged city of El Fasher, under catastrophic humanitarian conditions.
The attacks on the camp continued for several days, leading to widespread destruction and the displacement of the population. Local sources reported that the Rapid Support Forces militia took full control of the camp, raising fears of a repeat of the ethnic cleansing scenarios previously carried out by the militia against the Masalit ethnic group and other regions in Darfur.
The attack on Zamzam Camp constitutes a gross violation of international humanitarian law and a war crime that warrants accountability.
Meanwhile, the Rapid Support Forces militia threatened to invade the Northern State with “2,000” combat vehicles. It has repeatedly targeted the electricity sector in several states, particularly the Meroe Dam electricity supply in the safe Northern State, further exacerbating the hardships of citizens in obtaining water and food and impacting productive sectors. The suffering of patients, including women, children, and the elderly in hospitals, has also increased. Amidst all these crimes, the international community remains silent, while countries that sponsor and support this militia with weapons for killing the Sudanese people continue to hold conferences on weapon supplies under the guise of peace.
Special Coverage for Al-Hakika in its issue “25”, on the attacks by the Rapid Support Forces militia on the Zamzam and Abu Shouk camps for displaced persons in North Darfur, its massacres against civilians, threats to invade safe states, targeting of infrastructure, and highlighting the conferences that wash the blood-stained hands of those responsible for the deaths of the Sudanese people under the pretext of peace.
Al Hakika Chronicles
Death and Injury of 500 People Due to Rapid Support Forces Militia Attacks on El Fasher, Including International Workers
Approximately 500 people were killed and injured due to attacks by the Rapid Support Forces militia on the Zamzam refugee camp south of El Fasher, in North Darfur, western Sudan.
On April 11, 2025, the Rapid Support Forces militia raided the Zamzam displacement camp near El Fasher in North Darfur, Sudan, displacing the residents and killing a significant number of them.
The government of North Darfur issued a statement regarding the militia’s attack on the “Zamzam” camp for displaced persons. It revealed that the terrorist militia of the Al-Diqlo family had executed all medical personnel and patient attendants at the Relief International hospital following their raid on the Zamzam camp. This act surpassed all human, moral, religious, and traditional values.
In the statement issued by North Darfur’s governor, Hafiz Bakheet Mohamed, the terrorist group not only committed this heinous crime but also carried out another massacre, executing dozens of Qur’an memorizers at the Sheikh Farah Quran school within the Zamzam camp.
The militia also targeted the Abu Shouk camp near El Fasher with heavy artillery, leaving dozens of dead bodies and dismembered limbs from innocent displaced persons, as well as from unarmed citizens who had come to the city’s only market to buy essential goods despite the shortages and scarcity.
The government also stated that the militia executed Dr. Nour El-Din Adam Abdel Shafi, the medical director of Um Kadada Hospital, along with his entire medical staff and patient attendants, confirming the militia’s aggressive, barbaric, and inhumane behavior toward innocent civilians.
The government’s statement further emphasized that the militia’s continued targeting of medical personnel was part of their ongoing criminal campaign to kill the innocent in insidious ways. The city of El Fasher remains under siege, with the militia using hunger and deprivation as weapons. It is truly regrettable that these massacres and horrific crimes occur without any global conscience being stirred to condemn or stand against them. This situation calls on the people of Sudan and Darfur to support the Sudanese Armed Forces and bolster the resilience of El Fasher.
International Relief Organization issued a statement expressing deep sorrow, announcing that Rapid Support Forces fighters stormed the outer perimeter of the Zamzam camp on the evening of Friday, April 11, where they were the last ones providing essential health and humanitarian services. The central market in Zamzam and hundreds of temporary homes were completely destroyed.
The organization added that this attack targets all the region’s health infrastructure to prevent internally displaced persons from accessing healthcare, and one of their clinics was also part of this attack, along with other health facilities in El Fasher.
The organization stated in its statement that nine of their colleagues were ruthlessly killed by the Rapid Support Forces militia, including doctors, ambulance drivers, and team leaders.
Among the medical staff at the Zamzam hospital, Dr. Hanadi Hamid, “the daughter of El Fasher,” was martyred after being injured in the attack carried out by the Rapid Support Forces on the camp.
The name of Sudanese doctor Hanadi became widely known on social media platforms in Sudan after she was mourned by the “Resistance Committees Coordination” in El Fasher.
The coordination published on its Facebook page: “Farewell to Dr. Hanadi, who treated the wounded and supported the heroes, then departed as a martyr with honour. She was among the martyrs of Zamzam camp, but her spirit and memory remain in us, never to extinguish. She left while fulfilling her national and humanitarian duty, as martyrs wish to depart, as the free ones would have it written.”
The Sudanese government mourned Dr. Hanadi Hamid, with the government spokesperson Khaled Al-Eisier posting on his Facebook page, “With hearts filled with pain and sorrow, we mourn with great respect and reverence the struggle and martyrdom of Dr. Hanadi Hamid ‘the daughter of El Fasher’, who engraved her name in the annals of courage and dignity and became a symbol of belonging, pride, and loyalty to her country and people.”
Al-Eisier added: “The martyr was an example of the free woman, who refused to bow before the monsters of crime and aggression, choosing the path of resistance alongside her comrades, advancing the ranks to save the wounded and captives in battles for dignity.”
Meanwhile, the Sudanese Minister of Foreign Affairs stated that the Rapid Support Forces’ attacks on El Fasher in North Darfur are part of a plan to use civilians as human shields to control the city.
The United Nations reported from “reliable sources” that more than 400 people were killed in the attacks recently carried out by the Rapid Support Forces militia in Darfur, western Sudan, according to the French Press Agency.
In her statement on April 12, 2025, Clementine Nkwita Salami, the UN Coordinator in Sudan, condemned the April 11 attacks by the Rapid Support Forces on the Zamzam and Abu Shouk camps, and the city of El Fasher in North Darfur, which left over 100 dead, including 20 children and nine humanitarian workers. The two camps shelter more than 700,000 displaced persons, who are now suffering from escalating violence. She called for the accountability of those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law.
On April 24, 2025, UN Secretary-General António Guterres strongly condemned the killing of dozens of civilians in attacks on El Fasher, the Zamzam and Abu Shouk camps, and other nearby sites sheltering displaced persons in North Darfur. In a statement issued by his spokesperson, the Secretary-General reminded that the number of humanitarian workers killed in Sudan has now exceeded 90 since the conflict began in April 2023.
Guterres stated that the El Fasher region has been under siege for more than a year, “which has led to the denial of life-saving humanitarian aid to hundreds of thousands.” He also mentioned reports of famine in the Zamzam camp and two other displacement camps in the area.
He confirmed that attacks targeting civilians and indiscriminate attacks are strictly prohibited under international humanitarian law, stressing the necessity of respecting and protecting humanitarian workers and medical personnel, and said, “Those responsible for these attacks must be brought to justice.”
The U.S. Department of State’s African Affairs Office issued a strongly worded statement expressing “deep concern” over the attacks by the Rapid Support Forces militia (Janjaweed) on the Zamzam and Abu Shouk camps for displaced persons near El Fasher, North Darfur.
The statement read:
“We condemn the Rapid Support Forces’ attacks on the most vulnerable civilian groups, including the killing of nine U.S.-funded aid workers who were providing life-saving assistance.”
The United States added that it urges “the protection of civilians, including humanitarian workers,” emphasizing the necessity of “opening humanitarian corridors for safe aid access and allowing civilians to escape violence.” It also reaffirmed that all parties “must comply with international humanitarian law” and that “the perpetrators must be held accountable.”
On April 17, 2025, the UN Security Council adopted a press statement condemning the attacks by the Rapid Support Forces militia on El Fasher and the Zamzam and Abu Shouk camps, calling for immediate accountability, and reaffirmed the council’s commitment to Sudan’s sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity.
The African Union, the Lake Region Secretariat, and several countries, including Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Egypt, and Somalia, condemned the attacks by the Rapid Support Forces near El Fasher, resulting in civilian and aid worker casualties. They expressed their disapproval of the attacks, deeming them “a violation of international humanitarian law,” reaffirming their rejection of targeting civilians, and stressing the need to protect humanitarian workers.
On April 13, 2025, the Um Kadada locality in North Darfur endured three days of extreme hardship after the Rapid Support Forces militia raided the city, killing at least 52 civilians and burning 900 homes.
Emergency lawyers reported in a statement received by Sudan Tribune that “the Rapid Support Forces attacked Um Kadada, executing 52 civilians inside the city, storming the local hospital, assaulting patients, and executing medical staff.”
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported the displacement of 250,000 people from Malha, located 210 kilometers from El Fasher, North Darfur.
It noted that many of the displaced are living in 15 villages, lacking basic necessities.
The siege imposed by the Rapid Support Forces on El Fasher for nearly a year, which has intensified in recent weeks following their raid on villages to the west and north of the city, has caused significant shortages of goods and drinking water in the historic capital of Darfur.
OCHA called for the protection of civilians, ensuring unimpeded access to humanitarian assistance, and safeguarding the dignity, rights, and safety of displaced persons.
On April 1, 2025, the Higher Committee for Managing the Abu Shouk camp in North Darfur announced the documentation of 27 cases of rape of women and girls, including 14 minors, committed by the Rapid Support Forces militia during the past three months.
The camp is subjected daily to artillery shelling by the Rapid Support Forces, which has led to the displacement of around 70% of its population, according to local leaders.
The camp shelters over a million displaced persons and is located in the northern part of El Fasher.
The shelling has destroyed thousands of homes, water resources, and medical facilities.
Chief Sago, in a statement to Sudan Tribune, revealed that the number of deaths had reached 154 people, including 57 women, in addition to 267 others injured during the same period. Seventy-five of the injured lost their limbs due to the heavy and continuous shelling of the camp by the Rapid Support Forces militia.
International organizations have reported a famine in the Abu Shouk camp due to the lack of food and humanitarian aid, as a result of the ongoing siege imposed by the Rapid Support Forces on El Fasher, despite the Security Council’s decision to lift the siege.
Al Hakika Chronicles:
“We were wrong not to attack it”: Deputy Commander of the Rapid Support Forces threatens to invade the Northern State with “2,000” combat vehicles.
Following their defeat in Khartoum and several central Sudanese states, the Rapid Support Forces militia issued a threat to invade the northern states, which had largely remained unaffected by ground military operations since the onset of the war in mid-April 2023, with the exception of repeated drone strikes targeting electricity stations and military facilities. These threats have ignited widespread calls from citizens on social media to arm themselves and prepare for the anticipated assault in order to defend against the militia’s crimes.
Abdulrahim Dagalo: “We were wrong about the location of the battle, and now we will correct that mistake.”
In a series of speeches delivered across various social media platforms, Abdul Rahim Dagalo, Deputy Commander of the Rapid Support Forces, threatened to escalate the war. In one address to a group of fighters at an undisclosed location in Darfur, he stated that they had been “mistaken about the location of the battle, but now they will correct that mistake, and the battle will take place in the Northern and Nile River states.” He further noted that 2,000 military vehicles had been mobilized across the desert for this purpose, warning officers who failed to advance that they would face dismissal and trial if they did not report to the front lines within hours.
In another speech delivered to his troops in Nyala, the capital of South Darfur, on April 3, Dagalo declared his intent to attack the cities of Atbara, Dongola, Al-Qarqir, Al-Dabba, Meroe, Shendi, and Al-Golid in the Northern and Nile River states, one after the other.
Meanwhile, the Rapid Support Forces militia posted a video on Telegram showing a group of fighters in military vehicles, announcing their readiness to attack the Northern State. They also stated that what they called the “Desert Knights” forces were preparing to “liberate” the Northern State.
These threats from the Rapid Support Forces came after their defeat in several states across Sudan, prompting them to increasingly target the infrastructure in the Northern State using suicide drone strikes. Not long after, the militia committed one of the largest human massacres at the Zamzam Displacement Camp in North Darfur, having violated and bypassed the UN Security Council’s resolution to lift the siege on El Fasher.
Al Hakika Chronicles:
Power, Water, and Bread Services Halted, Worsening the Suffering of Citizens and Patients in Hospitals Due to the Deliberate Targeting of the Electricity Sector
Several states across Sudan are witnessing a deliberate targeting by the Rapid Support Forces militia aimed at destroying the electricity sector and disabling both the main and secondary transformers, specifically in Gedaref, the Meroe Dam station, the Dongola station in the Northern State, and the Atbara station. This has been carried out through the use of suicide drones, resulting in severe disruption to the flow of electricity, water, and bread services in large parts of Sudan. This has directly exacerbated the suffering of the citizens and significantly impacted vital productive sectors, leading to increased hardship for patients, including women, children, and the elderly in hospitals.
Experts in the sector have condemned the destructive operations, particularly the attack on the Meroe Dam. Former Minister of Energy and Oil, Ishaq Jamaa, in his statement to “Al-Arabiya”, criticized the targeting of electricity stations and distribution transformers, starting with the Meroe Dam power station in the Northern State, followed by the Gedaref transformers, the Shooq electricity, and the Atbara transformation station in the Nile River state by the rebel Rapid Support Forces militia. He added that the militia’s goal is to completely destroy the country and disrupt economic, service, commercial, and livelihood activities for the people. He called for precise documentation of this targeting and urged presenting it to the international community, which remains passive and helpless in the face of the ongoing events in Sudan.
The Sudan Electricity Company reported that the Rapid Support Forces militia targeted the Meroe station with drones, causing a power outage in the Northern State. The company stated that “the attack resulted in damage to the transformer supplying the Northern State, leading to an electricity outage.”
In another statement dated April 17, 2025, the Sudanese company confirmed that “the repeated targeting of power stations has led to the loss of many of the backup lines necessary for repair, negatively affecting services to the citizens.”
For its part, the 19th Infantry Division of the Sudanese Army in Meroe issued a statement confirming that it “successfully shot down several drones launched by the Rapid Support Forces militia towards the 19th Infantry Division headquarters and the Meroe Dam.”
The statement emphasized that “repeated attempts to target the citizens’ infrastructure will not succeed in achieving their objectives, and the army will continue to protect its headquarters and secure strategic areas.”
The militia’s repeated attacks on the Meroe Hydroelectric Dam, located along the Nile River in the Northern State of Sudan, 350 kilometers from the capital Khartoum, directly impacted citizens’ access to drinking water and bread. It also caused emergency departments in several hospitals to shut down due to the power cuts and water shortages, putting the lives of thousands of patients at risk.
Al Hakika Chronicles:
New Massacre: Militia Executes 106 Residents of Al-Jomou’iya
A militia attack in early April 2025 on the village of “Id Al-Hadd,” one of the villages of Al-Jomou’iya located south of Omdurman, resulted in the deaths of 106 civilians.
A tribal elder from the Al-Jomou’iya tribe, which resides in the area, informed “Al-Arabiya/Al-Hadath” that a militia force consisting of 20 combat vehicles attacked the village of “Id Al-Hadd,” leading to the deaths of 106 residents and injuring 37 others.
He further explained that the villagers were forced to defend themselves and confront the Rapid Support Forces militia until the army intervened with drone support, forcing the attacking force to retreat, according to their reports.
On April 27, 2025, the Rapid Support Forces militia committed one of the most heinous crimes against humanity in South Omdurman, in the town of Al-Saleha. They executed 31 civilians, including children, and burned their bodies, following direct orders from one of their field commanders. Additionally, one of the militia’s advisers threatened, in an interview with Al Jazeera, that further executions of unarmed civilians were to follow.
Al Hakika Chronicles:
Their Conspiracy is Preceded by Blood – The London Conference: A Play Staged by Britain and Funded by the UAE
Britain’s attempt to establish a contact group to facilitate ceasefire talks in Sudan collapsed on April 15, 2025, when Arab nations refused to sign a joint statement following the conference held in London.
A source disclosed to Al-Muhaqiq news site that the primary point of contention at the conference was a specific issue: the Arab countries, led by Egypt, insisted on including a provision to safeguard national institutions, particularly the Sudanese Armed Forces. The UAE, however, was the only country to oppose this, while all other participants, including Britain, supported the Arab position. The source stressed that this disagreement was a fundamental issue, making it impossible to compromise, and that it was essential to explicitly address it.
The source further emphasized that the “contact group” proposal was a form of international oversight that bypassed established international institutions, asserting that Sudan, as an independent nation, could not accept such an approach.
Another critical mistake, according to the source, was the exclusion of Sudan from the conference. While countries involved in the war and with no vested interest in Sudan’s stability were invited, Sudan itself was not. The source questioned the logic of this, noting that the justification for Sudan’s exclusion, namely, that inviting Sudan would also necessitate inviting the Rapid Support Forces, was untenable. The source compared this to inviting al-Shabaab to peace talks on Somalia. The Rapid Support Forces, responsible for widespread destruction, displacement, and death, had committed far worse atrocities than anything seen in Somalia. The attack on the Zamzam camp and the militia’s destruction of vital infrastructure during the conference sent a clear signal that the militia had assurances that these violations would go unpunished. The source described these actions as terrorism, particularly as they occurred during a time when international diplomatic discussions were taking place.
Furthermore, the source criticized the selective invitation of Sudan’s neighbors to the conference, questioning why Eritrea, for instance, was excluded while the UAE, a nation directly involved in the conflict, was invited. The source suggested that the UAE’s participation was a form of reward for its role in fueling the conflict and supplying arms to militias, arguing that it was the UAE’s presence at the conference that led to its failure. The source also clarified that the notion of an Arab rift was incorrect, as all Arab states participating in the conference, including the Arab League, shared the same stance on Sudan’s institutions, contrary to the position held by the UAE. Even other participants, including Britain, aligned with the unified Arab position.
The source also revealed that there had been communications between the British envoy and Sudanese leadership, with the latter responding that Sudan no longer required additional conferences. Rather, the international community should focus on pressuring the parties that were fueling the war and hold them accountable. The Sudanese leadership expressed that what Sudan needed was international pressure on these parties, not further negotiations that excluded Sudan. The source acknowledged that while there were some positive points at the conclusion of the conference, they needed further examination. The source called for a reassessment of Western countries’ positions on Sudan and criticized the failure of such conferences, attributing their lack of success to Sudan’s exclusion and the inclusion of nations directly complicit in the war.
In response, the British Foreign Ministry expressed regret over the failure to reach an agreement on a political path forward. British Foreign Secretary David Lammy, along with counterparts from France, Germany, the African Union, and the European Union, issued a joint statement in lieu of a final communiqué. They pledged to support “efforts aimed at finding a peaceful solution” and condemned any activities, including external interventions, that would escalate tensions or prolong the conflict. The statement called for a solution that would not result in the division of Sudan.
The Guardian newspaper reported that pressure on the UAE was mounting following its participation in a crucial London conference aimed at ending the war in Sudan, after a leaked United Nations report raised new questions regarding the UAE’s role in the ongoing conflict.
The UAE has faced accusations of secretly arming Sudanese militias through neighboring Chad—an allegation it has consistently denied. However, an internal report marked “Top Secret” and obtained by The Guardian revealed details of “multiple flights” from the UAE to Chad, where the aircraft allegedly evaded detection while traveling to bases in Chad, from where weapons were smuggled across the border into Sudan.
These allegations complicated the stance of British Foreign Secretary Lammy, who controversially invited the UAE, along with 19 other countries, to participate in peace talks on Sudan at Lancaster House on April 15, the second anniversary of the war, which has caused the world’s largest humanitarian crisis, displacing over 12 million people.
A senior diplomat familiar with the leaked report (who requested anonymity) remarked, “The United Kingdom must explain how it responds to the massacres of children and aid workers, while hosting the UAE at its conference in London.”
The report, consisting of 14 pages, was completed in November and sent to the Sudan Sanctions Committee of the UN Security Council. Compiled by a team of five UN experts, the report documented a “consistent pattern” of air cargo flights from the UAE to Chad, identifying three potential land routes used to smuggle arms into Sudan.
The report further noted that flights from the UAE to Chad were regular, forming what was described as a “new regional air bridge.” Some aircraft reportedly disappeared from radar during critical segments of their journeys, raising suspicions of “covert operations.”
Interestingly, these findings were not included in the final UN report on Sudan, expected to be published soon. The UAE’s involvement was only mentioned in the context of participating in peace talks.
The questions surrounding the UAE’s potential involvement with the Rapid Support Forces arose after a bloody weekend, during which more than 200 civilians were killed by the militia in attacks on displaced ethnic groups near El Fasher, the last major city under Sudanese army control in the Darfur region.
In January, the United States officially declared that the Rapid Support Forces militia had committed acts of genocide in Sudan. Sudan and others have accused the UAE of arming the militia, and the Sudanese government criticized the conference organizers for excluding Sudan while inviting the UAE.
On a separate occasion, on Tuesday, April 15, 2025, humanitarian and human rights organizations urged the international community to sanction countries involved, directly or indirectly, in sending arms to the warring parties, in violation of the United Nations’ arms embargo.
Yasmin Ahmed, director of Human Rights Watch in the UK, stated, “The international community will fail catastrophically by allowing parties complicit in the conflict to attend the London conference, where once again, nothing will come of it.”
